{"id":186,"date":"2016-12-12T12:56:22","date_gmt":"2016-12-12T12:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.therespiratorysystem.com\/?p=186"},"modified":"2022-09-16T16:34:49","modified_gmt":"2022-09-16T16:34:49","slug":"epiglottis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.therespiratorysystem.com\/fr\/epiglottis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9piglotte"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\r\n
<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n

Qu'est-ce que l'\u00e9piglotte ?<\/h2>\n

L'\u00e9piglotte est un lambeau cartilagineux qui recouvre l'ouverture de l'oreille. trach\u00e9e-art\u00e8re<\/a> pendant la d\u00e9glutition pour emp\u00eacher les aliments de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans les poumons [1]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

O\u00f9 est situ\u00e9e l'\u00e9piglotte<\/h2>\n

La structure plate, en forme de feuille, est attach\u00e9e \u00e0 l'extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure du larynx<\/a> (bo\u00eete vocale), d\u00e9passant dans le pharynx<\/a>juste derri\u00e8re la racine de la langue, \u00e0 l'\u00e9tat d\u00e9tendu. [2]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

<\/a>

\u00c9piglotte<\/p><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Anatomie de l'\u00e9piglotte<\/h2>\n

Origine et structure<\/strong><\/p>\n

Visible autour des 5th<\/sup> semaine du d\u00e9veloppement f\u0153tal, le lambeau de cartilage \u00e9lastique provient du quatri\u00e8me arc pharyng\u00e9. Sa surface linguale est recouverte d'une muqueuse. [3]<\/sup>la surface ant\u00e9rieure est constitu\u00e9e d'un \u00e9pith\u00e9lium pavimenteux stratifi\u00e9 non k\u00e9ratinis\u00e9, semblable aux tissus de la bouche et du pharynx, tandis que la surface post\u00e9rieure est couverte d'un \u00e9pith\u00e9lium colonnaire pseudostratifi\u00e9, semblable aux tissus qui tapissent le larynx. [2]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

L'\u00e9piglotte est visible de l'ext\u00e9rieur, en arri\u00e8re de la langue, apparaissant comme un rabat plat, sous la luette.<\/p>\n Image de l'\u00e9piglotte\n

Parfois, l'\u00e9piglotte peut \u00eatre sur\u00e9lev\u00e9e et allong\u00e9e, mais elle est totalement inoffensive, seulement plus visible de l'ext\u00e9rieur lorsque la bouche est ouverte. [4]<\/sup>. Elle est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement observ\u00e9e chez les enfants, mais peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9e chez les adultes.<\/p>\n

Attachements ligamentaires<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lorsque l'\u00e9piglotte est en position de repos, elle est maintenue par les ligaments thyro\u00e9piglottique et hyo\u00e9piglottique. La partie inf\u00e9rieure de l'\u00e9piglotte est reli\u00e9e au cartilage thyro\u00efdien par le petit et fin ligament thyro\u00e9piglottique, tandis que le petit ligament hyo\u00e9piglottique sert de liaison entre la surface ant\u00e9rieure de la r\u00e9gion sup\u00e9rieure et l'os hyo\u00efde. [2]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

<\/a>

Sch\u00e9ma de l'anatomie de l'\u00e9piglotte<\/p><\/div>\n

Structures associ\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les plis glosso-\u00e9piglottiques m\u00e9dians fixent l'\u00e9piglotte \u00e0 la langue. [5]<\/sup>tandis que les plis glosso\u00e9piglottiques lat\u00e9raux le relient au pharynx. [6]<\/sup> et les plis ary\u00e9piglottiques attachent ses c\u00f4t\u00e9s aux cartilages aryt\u00e9no\u00efdes [3]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Les d\u00e9pressions, entre la surface de l'\u00e9piglotte adjacente \u00e0 la langue et la racine de la langue, des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s du pli glosso-\u00e9piglottique m\u00e9dian, sont appel\u00e9es les vallecules. Il existe quelques papilles gustatives sur l'\u00e9piglotte, innerv\u00e9es par des fibres du nerf vague provenant du ganglion inf\u00e9rieur. [3]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Radiographie de l'\u00e9piglotte\n

Quelles sont les fonctions de l'\u00e9piglotte ?<\/h2>\n

Dans l'appareil respiratoire<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le rabat flexible reste dans sa position de repos pendant l'inspiration, laissant l'air p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans les poumons par le larynx et la trach\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Dans le syst\u00e8me digestif<\/strong><\/p>\n

Au cours du processus de d\u00e9glutition, les muscles extrins\u00e8ques li\u00e9s au larynx d\u00e9placent l'\u00e9piglotte vers le haut afin qu'elle puisse se placer \u00e0 plat sur l'ouverture du larynx, ce qui permet aux aliments de passer en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans l'\u0153sophage au lieu de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans la trach\u00e9e. Ensuite, les muscles se d\u00e9tendent, de sorte que l'\u00e9piglotte peut revenir \u00e0 sa position initiale. [7]<\/sup>. S'il fonctionne mal ou ne se ferme pas correctement, il vous fera tousser et vous \u00e9touffer chaque fois que vous avalerez.<\/p>\n

La structure cartilagineuse aide \u00e9galement \u00e0 la production de la parole dans certaines langues. [8]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Conditions associ\u00e9es<\/h2>\n

\u00c9piglottite (\u00e9piglotte gonfl\u00e9e) :<\/strong> Affection rare, mais potentiellement mortelle, due \u00e0 une infection ou \u00e0 une blessure, l'\u00e9piglottite se caract\u00e9rise par un gonflement, une rougeur et une inflammation de l'\u00e9piglotte, qui peut bloquer le flux d'air vers les poumons. [9]<\/sup>. Les sympt\u00f4mes courants sont l'enrouement de la voix et la douleur pendant la d\u00e9glutition. [10]<\/sup>. Plus fr\u00e9quente chez les enfants, elle est souvent caus\u00e9e par la bact\u00e9rie Haemophilus influenzae<\/em> type b [11]<\/sup>. Les nouveau-n\u00e9s sont donc vaccin\u00e9s pour pr\u00e9venir l'infection. Les cas graves peuvent m\u00eame n\u00e9cessiter une intubation pour \u00e9viter des probl\u00e8mes \u00e0 long terme. [12]<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Une \u00e9piglotte en forme d'om\u00e9ga : <\/strong>Souvent un signe caract\u00e9ristique d'une affection appel\u00e9e laryngomalacie, il s'agit d'une forme anormalement recourb\u00e9e de l'\u00e9piglotte qui peut causer des probl\u00e8mes lors de l'inhalation. [13]<\/sup>. La laryngomalacie, l'une des causes courantes de la respiration bruyante chez les nourrissons, est une malformation cong\u00e9nitale dans laquelle les tissus du larynx sont mous et souples et s'effondrent sur les voies respiratoires pendant la respiration.<\/p>\n

Cancers affectant la r\u00e9gion :<\/strong> L'\u00e9piglotte peut \u00eatre gravement affect\u00e9e par un cancer de la t\u00eate et du cou, ainsi que par des tumeurs malignes de la gorge, du pharynx, du larynx et de la supraglotte. Dans de tels cas, une chirurgie de reconstruction de l'\u00e9piglotte peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9e pour \u00e9viter une d\u00e9glutition anormale et l'aspiration d'aliments dans les poumons.<\/p>\n

\n\t

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences <\/h3>\n
    <\/p>\n
      \n
    1. http:\/\/kidshealth.org\/en\/kids\/word-epiglottis.html<\/a><\/li>\n
    2. http:\/\/www.innerbody.com\/image_digeov\/dige02-new2.html<\/a><\/li>\n
    3. https:\/\/www.kenhub.com\/en\/library\/anatomy\/epiglottis<\/a><\/li>\n
    4. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4335119\/<\/a><\/li>\n
    5. https:\/\/www.kenhub.com\/en\/atlas\/median-glossoepiglottic-fold<\/li>\n
    6. https:\/\/radiopaedia.org\/articles\/epiglottis<\/a><\/li>\n
    7. https:\/\/www.getbodysmart.com\/ap\/respiratorysystem\/larynx\/epiglottis\/tutorial.html<\/li>\n
    8. http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/human-body-maps\/epiglottis<\/a><\/li>\n
    9. http:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/epiglottitis\/basics\/definition\/con-20027854<\/a><\/li>\n
    10. http:\/\/patient.info\/in\/health\/epiglottitis-leaflet<\/a><\/li>\n
    11. http:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/epiglottitis#Overview1<\/a><\/li>\n
    12. http:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/763612-treatment<\/a><\/li>\n
    13. http:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/1002527-overview<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      <\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

      <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Qu'est-ce que l'\u00e9piglotte L'\u00e9piglotte est un rabat cartilagineux qui recouvre l'ouverture de la trach\u00e9e pendant la d\u00e9glutition pour emp\u00eacher les aliments de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans les poumons [1].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":190,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nEpiglottis Definition, Location, Functions, and Pictures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is the epiglottis definition, where is it located, anatomy, purpose, functions (respiratory system, digestive system), associated problems, picture, diagram\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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